GitHub Actions Docker 빌드 워크플로우

GitHub Actions를 사용하여 Docker 이미지를 자동으로 빌드하고 Docker Hub나 GitHub Container Registry(GHCR)에 푸시하는 워크플로우입니다. 멀티 플랫폼 빌드와 캐싱을 지원합니다.

Gist
name: Docker Build and Push

on:
  push:
    branches: [ "main" ]
    tags: [ 'v*.*.*' ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ "main" ]

env:
  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
      packages: write

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      # Buildx 설정 (멀티 플랫폼 빌드 지원)
      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

      # 컨테이너 레지스트리 로그인
      - name: Log into registry ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

      # 메타데이터 추출 (태그, 라벨 등)
      - name: Extract Docker metadata
        id: meta
        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        with:
          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
          tags: |
            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
            type=ref,event=branch
            type=sha

      # 빌드 및 푸시 (캐시 활용)
      - name: Build and push Docker image
        id: build-and-push
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          context: .
          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
          cache-from: type=gha
          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64